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Before pruning: long low branches
Here are the trees as they grew about 15 months after planting from #1 liners. Only the two largest diameter branches in the lower five feet of the tree were removed at each pruning. Low branches growing up into the permanent nursery canopy were shortened. No other pruning was done in the lower five feet of the tree. The top of the tree in all four treatments was pruned similarly to encourage one dominant leader. Click to the next photo to see this tree after pruning.