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Bark inclusions
Bark inclusions can result in cracked trunks and broken trees. There are three examples of inclusions below. The photo with no inclusion is shown for comparison. Branches with no inclusions are better attached to the trunk than branches with inclusions. Drastic measures such as cabling and bracing can be taken to help hold trees with these defects together (See: cabling and bracing details). Pruning is often combined with cabling and bracing to minimize risk of tree failure.
No inclusion
