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Magnolia split at bark inclusion

This magnolia was growing with three codominant stems emerging from the same point on the trunk. One stem separated from the tree (center and right photos) because there was a bark inclusion (top half of photos) at the base of the stem where it joined with the trunk. Inclusions make unions weak.

magnolia

Magnolia split at the base of a codominant stem. See photos to the right for close-up view.

magnolia split stem

Close-up of the split stem shows decay and roots growing from the base of the included bark. Included bark is bark that gets trapped in the union of two stems.

magnolia split stem

This is a very close view of the center photo. Roots grow in the organic matter and decayed wood that accumulates in the bark inclusion.