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Root barriers deflect roots
(Top) Barriers have been placed vertically in the soil to deflect roots away from hardscapes. Place the barriers sufficiently away from the structure (like six inches) to be protected so that expansion of the root will keep the root from touching the curb or walk. Be sure the top of the barriers reaches above the top of the soil so roots do not grow over it.
(Bottom) Roots are deflected horizontally and down by most of the barriers on the market. In compacted soils and soils with a high water table, they grow under the barrier and up the other side. In well drained soil, roots may remain at deeper depths longer. In other words, barriers may be most effective where they are least needed.
See: more on barriers