| Treeshelters were used for the nursery production of Cedrus 
      deodara Loud. (deodar cedar), Quercus ilex L. (holly oak), and 
      Magnolia grandiflora L. (southern magnolia) trees growing in 19-liter 
      containers. Air temperature, relative humidity, and CO2 concentration 
      were higher inside the treeshelters than outside. Trees grown inside treeshelters 
      were 74% to 174% taller than trees grown without shelters. Trunk caliper 
      of Magnolia and Quercus was not affected; however, for Cedrus 
      trees caliper was larger for trees grown without a shelter. Upon removal 
      of the shelter, Cedrus trees were incapable of supporting their own 
      weight. Lateral branch development was inhibited and leaf senescence was 
      greater with Magnolia trees grown in a shelter. Quercus trees grown 
      in shelters were ready to be transplanted into the landscape. Water use 
      was similar for trees grown with or without shelters. Trees grown in shelters 
      had lower root fresh weights. |